Frequently Used Linux Commands

 

File Viewing
Command	Function
cat	Display the contents of file
less	Page through files
head	show the top portion of a file
more	display screenfuls of a file
tail	display bottom portion of a file
nl	count the number of lines in a file
wc	count the number of lines, words and characters in a file
od	View a binary file
tee	display output on stdout and write it to a file simultaneously

File Management
Command	Function
ls	display file attributes
stat	display file attributes
wc	count the number of lines, words and characters in a file
file	identify file types
touch	set the time stamp of a file or directory
chgrp	change the group of a file
chmod	change the permissions (mode) of a file
chown	change the owner of a file
chattr	change advanced file attributes
lsattr	display advanced file attributes

File Manipulation
Command	Function
awk	pattern-matching, programming language
csplit	split a file
cut	display columns of a file
paste	append columns in a file
dircmp	compare two directories
find	find files and directories
perl	scripting language
sed	Stream Editor
sort	sort a file
tr	translate chracters in a file
uniq	find unique or repeated lines in a file
xargs	process multiple arguements

File Editing
Command	Function
vi	text editor
emacs	text editor
sed	Stream Editor

Locate Files
Command	Function
find	find files and directories
which	locate commands within your search path
whereis	locate standard files

File Compression and Archiving
Command	Function
gzip	compress a file using GNU Zip
gunzip	uncompress a file using GNU Zip
compress	compress a file using UNIX compress
uncompress	uncompress a file using UNIX compress
bzip2	compress a file using block-sorting file compressor
bunzip2	uncompress a file using block-sorting file compressor
zip	compress a file using Windows/DOS zip
unzip	uncompress a file using Windows/DOS zip
tar	read/write (tape) archives
cpio	copy files to and from archives
dump	dump a disk to tape
restore	restore a dump
mt	tape control programm

File Comparison
Command	Function
diff	find differences in two files
cmp	compare two files
comm	compare sorted files
md5sum	compute the MD5 checksum of a file
sum	compute the checksum of a file

Disks and File Systems
Command	Function
df	display free space
du	display disk usage
mount	mount a filesystem
fsck	check aand repair a filesystem
sync	Flush disk caches

Printing
Command	Function
lpr	print files
lpq	view the print queue
lprm	Remove print jobs
lpc	line printer control program

Process Management
Command	Function
ps	list processes
w	list users’ processes
uptime	view the system load, amount of time it has been running, etc.
top	monitor processes
free	display free memory
kill	send signals to processes
killall	kill processes by name
nice	set a processes nice value
renice	set the nice value of a running process.
at	run a job at a specific time
crontab	schedule repeated jobs
batch	run a job as the system load premits
watch	run a programm at specific intervals
sleep	wiat for a specified interval of time

Host Information
Command	Function
uname	Print system information
hostname	Print the system’s hostname
ifconfig	Display or set network interface configuration
host	lookup DNS information
nslookup	lookup DNS information (deprecated)
whois	Lookup domain registrants
ping	Test reachability of a host
traceroute	Display network path to a host

Character based web-browser

Networking Tools
Command	Function
ssh	Secure remote access
telnet	Log into remote hosts
scp	Securely copy files between hosts
ftp	Copy files between hosts
wget	Recursively download files from a remote host
lynx

File and Directory Basics
Command	Function
cd	change directory
cp	copy files
file	determine a file’s contents
ls	list files or directories
ln	make a link to a file
mkdir	make a directory
mv	move (rename) a file
rm	remove a file
rmdir	remove a directory

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