| Element | Default CSS Value |
| a:link | color: (internal value); text-decoration: underline; cursor: auto; |
| a:visited | color: (internal value); text-decoration: underline; cursor: auto; |
| a:link:active | color: (internal value); |
| a:visited:active | color: (internal value); |
| abbr | None. |
| address | display: block; font-style: italic; |
| area | display: none; |
| article | display: block; |
| aside | display: block; |
| audio | None. |
| b | font-weight: bold; |
| base | None. |
| bdi | None. |
| bdo | unicode-bidi: bidi-override; |
| blockquote | display: block; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; |
| body | display: block; margin: 8px; |
| body:focus | outline: none; |
| br | None. |
| button | None |
| canvas | None. |
| caption | display: table-caption; text-align: center; |
| cite | font-style: italic; |
| code | font-family: monospace; |
| col | display: table-column; |
| colgroup | display: table-column-group |
| datalist | display: none; |
| dd | display: block; margin-left: 40px; |
| del | text-decoration: line-through; |
| details | display: block; |
| dfn | font-style: italic; |
| dialog | None. |
| div | display: block; |
| dl | display: block; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; |
| dt | display: block; |
| em | font-style: italic; |
| embed:focus | outline: none; |
| fieldset | display: block; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 2px; padding-top: 0.35em; padding-bottom: 0.625em; padding-left: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.75em; border: 2px groove (internal value); |
| figcaption | display: block; |
| figure | display: block; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; |
| footer | display: block; |
| form | display: block; margin-top: 0em; |
| h1 | display: block; font-size: 2em; margin-top: 0.67em; margin-bottom: 0.67em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-weight: bold; |
| h2 | display: block; font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 0.83em; margin-bottom: 0.83em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-weight: bold; |
| h3 | display: block; font-size: 1.17em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-weight: bold; |
| h4 | display: block; margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-weight: bold; |
| h5 | display: block; font-size: .83em; margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-weight: bold; |
| h6 | display: block; font-size: .67em; margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; font-weight: bold; |
| head | display: none; |
| header | display: block; |
| hr | display: block; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border-style: inset; border-width: 1px; |
| html | display: block; |
| html:focus | outline: none; |
| i | font-style: italic; |
| iframe:focus | outline: none; |
| iframe[seamless] | display: block; |
| img | display: inline-block; |
| input | None. |
| ins | text-decoration: underline; |
| kbd | font-family: monospace; |
| label | cursor: default; |
| legend | display: block; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; border: none; |
| li | display: list-item; |
| link | display: none; |
| main | None. |
| map | display: inline; |
| mark | background-color: yellow; color: black; |
| menu | display: block; list-style-type: disc; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding-left: 40px; |
| menuitem | None. |
| meta | None. |
| meter | None. |
| nav | display: block; |
| noscript | None. |
| object:focus | outline: none; |
| ol | display: block; list-style-type: decimal; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding-left: 40px; |
| optgroup | None. |
| option | None. |
| output | display: inline; |
| p | display: block; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; |
| param | display: none; |
| picture | None. |
| pre | display: block; font-family: monospace; white-space: pre; margin: 1em 0; |
| progress | None. |
| q | display: inline; |
| q::before | content: open-quote; |
| q::after | content: close-quote; |
| rp | None. |
| rt | line-height: normal; |
| ruby | None. |
| s | text-decoration: line-through; |
| samp | font-family: monospace; |
| script | display: none; |
| section | display: block; |
| select | None. |
| small | font-size: smaller; |
| source | None. |
| span | None. |
| strike | text-decoration: line-through; |
| strong | font-weight: bold; |
| style | display: none; |
| sub | vertical-align: sub; font-size: smaller; |
| summary | display: block; |
| sup | vertical-align: super; font-size: smaller; |
| table | display: table; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 2px; border-color: gray; |
| tbody | display: table-row-group; vertical-align: middle; border-color: inherit; |
| td | display: table-cell; vertical-align: inherit; |
| template | None. |
| textarea | None. |
| tfoot | display: table-footer-group; vertical-align: middle; border-color: inherit; |
| th | display: table-cell; vertical-align: inherit; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; |
| thead | display: table-header-group; vertical-align: middle; border-color: inherit; |
| time | None. |
| title | display: none; |
| tr | display: table-row; vertical-align: inherit; border-color: inherit; |
| track | None. |
| u | text-decoration: underline; |
| ul | display: block; list-style-type: disc; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1 em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding-left: 40px; |
| var | font-style: italic; |
| video | None. |
| wbr | None. |
| html | display: block; |
| html:focus | outline: none; |
| i | font-style: italic; |
| iframe:focus | outline: none; |
| iframe[seamless] | display: block; |
| img | display: inline-block; |
| input | None. |
| ins | text-decoration: underline; |
| kbd | font-family: monospace; |
| label | cursor: default; |
| legend | display: block; |
| padding-left: 2px; | |
| padding-right: 2px; | |
| border: none; | |
| li | display: list-item; |
| link | display: none; |
| main | None. |
| map | display: inline; |
| mark | background-color: yellow; |
| color: black; | |
| menu | display: block; |
| list-style-type: disc; | |
| margin-top: 1em; | |
| margin-bottom: 1em; | |
| margin-left: 0; | |
| margin-right: 0; | |
| padding-left: 40px; | |
| menuitem | None. |
| meta | None. |
| meter | None. |
| nav | display: block; |
| noscript | None. |
| object:focus | outline: none; |
| ol | display: block; |
| list-style-type: decimal; | |
| margin-top: 1em; | |
| margin-bottom: 1em; | |
| margin-left: 0; | |
| margin-right: 0; | |
| padding-left: 40px; | |
| optgroup | None. |
| option | None. |
| output | display: inline; |
| p | display: block; |
| margin-top: 1em; | |
| margin-bottom: 1em; | |
| margin-left: 0; | |
| margin-right: 0; | |
| param | display: none; |
| picture | None. |
| pre | display: block; |
| font-family: monospace; | |
| white-space: pre; | |
| margin: 1em 0; | |
| progress | None. |
| q | display: inline; |
| q::before | content: open-quote; |
| q::after | content: close-quote; |
| rp | None. |
| rt | line-height: normal; |
| ruby | None. |
| s | text-decoration: line-through; |
| samp | font-family: monospace; |
| script | display: none; |
| section | display: block; |
| select | None. |
| small | font-size: smaller; |
| source | None. |
| span | None. |
| strike | text-decoration: line-through; |
| strong | font-weight: bold; |
| style | display: none; |
| sub | vertical-align: sub; |
| font-size: smaller; | |
| summary | display: block; |
| sup | vertical-align: super; |
| font-size: smaller; | |
| table | display: table; |
| border-collapse: separate; | |
| border-spacing: 2px; | |
| border-color: gray; | |
| tbody | display: table-row-group; |
| vertical-align: middle; | |
| border-color: inherit; | |
| td | display: table-cell; |
| vertical-align: inherit; | |
| template | None. |
| textarea | None. |
| tfoot | display: table-footer-group; |
| vertical-align: middle; | |
| border-color: inherit; | |
| th | display: table-cell; |
| vertical-align: inherit; | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| text-align: center; | |
| thead | display: table-header-group; |
| vertical-align: middle; | |
| border-color: inherit; | |
| time | None. |
| title | display: none; |
| tr | display: table-row; |
| vertical-align: inherit; | |
| border-color: inherit; | |
| track | None. |
| u | text-decoration: underline; |
| ul | display: block; |
| list-style-type: disc; | |
| margin-top: 1em; | |
| margin-bottom: 1 em; | |
| margin-left: 0; | |
| margin-right: 0; | |
| padding-left: 40px; | |
| var | font-style: italic; |
| video | None. |
| wbr | None. |
*****
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| .class | .intro | Selects all elements with class="intro" |
| .class1.class2 | .name1.name2 | Selects all elements with both name1 and name2 set within its class attribute |
| .class1 .class2 | .name1 .name2 | Selects all elements with name2 that is a descendant of an element with name1 |
| #id | #firstname | Selects the element with id="firstname" |
| * | * | Selects all elements |
| element | p | Selects all <p> elements |
| element.class | p.intro | Selects all <p> elements with class="intro" |
| element,element | div, p | Selects all <div> elements and all <p> elements |
| element element | div p | Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements |
| element>element | div > p | Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a <div> element |
| element+element | div + p | Selects the first <p> element that is placed immediately after <div> elements |
| element1~element2 | p ~ ul | Selects every <ul> element that is preceded by a <p> element |
| [attribute] | [target] | Selects all elements with a target attribute |
| [attribute=value] | [target="_blank"] | Selects all elements with target="_blank" |
| [attribute~=value] | [title~="flower"] | Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word "flower" |
| [attribute|=value] | [lang|="en"] | Selects all elements with a lang attribute value equal to "en" or starting with "en-" |
| [attribute^=value] | a[href^="https"] | Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value begins with "https" |
| [attribute$=value] | a[href$=".pdf"] | Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value ends with ".pdf" |
| [attribute*=value] | a[href*="w3schools"] | Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value contains the substring "w3schools" |
| :active | a:active | Selects the active link |
| ::after | p::after | Insert something after the content of each <p> element |
| ::before | p::before | Insert something before the content of each <p> element |
| :checked | input:checked | Selects every checked <input> element |
| :default | input:default | Selects the default <input> element |
| :disabled | input:disabled | Selects every disabled <input> element |
| :empty | p:empty | Selects every <p> element that has no children (including text nodes) |
| :enabled | input:enabled | Selects every enabled <input> element |
| :first-child | p:first-child | Selects every <p> element that is the first child of its parent |
| ::first-letter | p::first-letter | Selects the first letter of every <p> element |
| ::first-line | p::first-line | Selects the first line of every <p> element |
| :first-of-type | p:first-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent |
| :focus | input:focus | Selects the input element which has focus |
| :fullscreen | :fullscreen | Selects the element that is in full-screen mode |
| :hover | a:hover | Selects links on mouse over |
| :in-range | input:in-range | Selects input elements with a value within a specified range |
| :indeterminate | input:indeterminate | Selects input elements that are in an indeterminate state |
| :invalid | input:invalid | Selects all input elements with an invalid value |
| :lang(language) | p:lang(it) | Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute equal to "it" (Italian) |
| :last-child | p:last-child | Selects every <p> element that is the last child of its parent |
| :last-of-type | p:last-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent |
| :link | a:link | Selects all unvisited links |
| ::marker | ::marker | Selects the markers of list items |
| :not(selector) | :not(p) | Selects every element that is not a <p> element |
| :nth-child(n) | p:nth-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent |
| :nth-last-child(n) | p:nth-last-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-last-of-type(n) | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-of-type(n) | p:nth-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent |
| :only-of-type | p:only-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent |
| :only-child | p:only-child | Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent |
| :optional | input:optional | Selects input elements with no "required" attribute |
| :out-of-range | input:out-of-range | Selects input elements with a value outside a specified range |
| ::placeholder | input::placeholder | Selects input elements with the "placeholder" attribute specified |
| :read-only | input:read-only | Selects input elements with the "readonly" attribute specified |
| :read-write | input:read-write | Selects input elements with the "readonly" attribute NOT specified |
| :required | input:required | Selects input elements with the "required" attribute specified |
| :root | :root | Selects the document's root element |
| ::selection | ::selection | Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user |
| :target | #news:target | Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) |
| :valid | input:valid | Selects all input elements with a valid value |
| :visited | a:visited | Selects all visited links |
All CSS Combinator Selectors
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| element element | div p | Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements |
| element>element | div > p | Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a <div> element |
| element+element | div + p | Selects the first <p> element that are placed immediately after <div> elements |
| element1~element2 | p ~ ul | Selects every <ul> element that are preceded by a <p> element |
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